![]() The Opaque Feature File project 20 represents one attempt to improve representation of dense data. Although there is no effective way to represent large quanti- ties of numerical data directly in RDF, for many applications the textual representation in Listing 5 is adequate, with the major penalties being disk space requirements and the loss of human-readability. This represents the “dark side” of the often advantageous situation of expressing data and metadata in the same format. In practice this would be prohibitively costly even by the standards of the earlier examples, requiring two statements for every value. An improvement in principle might be to use an RDF collection 19 to express a sequence of typed numerical values. The only potential advantage of this encoding is that it keeps the data and information about its provenance together in a single document. Other information that is normally useful when handling numerical data is also miss- ing, such as the floating point precision. ![]() the af:value literal has no useful RDF type and is effectively opaque: no generic timeline-mapping or visualisation application, for example, would be able to use it without further information about its format. Fragment of the output from Sonic Annotator of a spectrogram. Despite its length, this example fails to convey any of the useful “self-describing” information found in the earlier note example. Listing 5 shows the start of an output feature from a spectrogram plugin. In this case the problem cannot be avoided in the ontology.) There is no very effective way to represent numerical data in quantity directly in RDF a textual representation of a large sequence of numbers is overwhelming for humans to absorb and inefficient for computers to parse, transmit and store. (It is also possible to attach a language tag to textual literals, with equally awkward consequences: is not the same literal as "note", and SPARQL provides no way to match a literal but ignore its language. to ensure that types are enforced manually. The application is written in C++ using Qt and saw its 1.0 release under the GNU GPL in 2007. Categories and Subject Descriptors D0 : General annotations in formats including Music Ontology RDF for use in Linked Data applications on the Semantic Web. To this end, it has a user interface that resembles familiar audio editing applications, a set of useful standard visualisation facilities, and support for a plugin format for additional automated analysis methods. Its stated goal is to be the rst program you reach for when want to study a musical recording rather than simply listen to it . Sonic Visualiser: An Open Source Application for Viewing, Analysing, and Annotating Music Audio Files Chris Cannam Centre for Digital Music Queen Mary University of London Christian Landone Centre for Digital Music Queen Mary University of London Mark Sandler Centre for Digital Music Queen Mary University of London ABSTRACT Sonic Visualiser is a friendly and exible end-user desktop application for analysis, visualisation, and annotation of music audio les. Since then it has been continuously developed and published as source code and in binary form for major desktop platforms, and has been downloaded over 100,000 times via ![]() Sonic visualiser: an open source application for viewing, analysing, and annotating music audio files Sonic visualiser: an open source application for viewing, analysing, and annotating music audio.Ĭannam, Chris Landone, Christian Sandler, Mark
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